1. | Definitions of Terms Used |
(a) | Access Person means (i) any director, officer, manager or employee of the Company or the Companys investment advisor (or of any company in a control relationship to the Company or its investment advisor) who, in connection with his/her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in, or obtains information regarding, the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by the Company, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to purchases or sales of Covered Securities; and (ii) any natural person in a control relationship to the Company or the Companys investment advisor who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Company with regard to the purchase or sale of Covered Securities by the Company. |
(b) | Automatic Investment Plan means a program, including a dividend reinvestment plan, in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. | ||
(c) | Beneficial interest or beneficial ownership shall be interpreted in the same manner as beneficial ownership would be under Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in determining whether a person is the beneficial owner of a security for purposes of Section 16 of that Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, which includes any interest in which a person, directly or indirectly, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest. A pecuniary interest is the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from any transaction. Each Access Person will be assumed to have a pecuniary interest, and therefore, beneficial interest in or ownership of, all securities held by the Access Person, the Access Persons spouse, all minor children, all dependent adult children and adults sharing the same household with the Access Person (other than mere roommates) and in all accounts subject to their direct or indirect influence or control and/or through which they obtain the substantial equivalent of ownership, such as trusts in which they are a trustee or beneficiary, partnerships in which they are the general partner (except where the amount invested by the general partner is limited to an amount reasonably necessary in order to maintain the status as a general partner), corporations in which they are a controlling shareholder (except any investment company, trust or similar entity registered under applicable U.S. or foreign law) or any other similar arrangement. Any questions an Access Person may have about whether an interest in a security or an account constitutes beneficial interest or ownership should be directed to the Compliance Officer. | ||
(d) | Considering for purchase or sale shall mean when the portfolio manager communicates that he/she is seriously considering making such a transaction or when a recommendation to the portfolio manager to purchase or sell has been made or communicated by an analyst at the Companys investment advisor and, with respect to the analyst making the recommendation, when such analyst seriously considers making such a recommendation. | ||
(e) | Contemplated Security shall mean any security that the Company is eligible to hold or intends or proposes to acquire, and any security related to or connected with such security.1 The term security shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(36) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act), including any right to acquire such security, such as puts, calls, other options or rights in such securities, and securities-based futures contracts. |
1 | The types of securities the Company currently may invest in are listed in Exhibit A. |
(f) | control shall mean the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with such company. | ||
(g) | Covered Security shall mean any security, and any security related to or connected with such security. The term security shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(a)(36) of the 1940 Act, including any right to acquire such security, such as puts, calls, other options or rights in such securities, and securities-based futures contracts, except that it shall not include securities which are direct obligations of the government of the United States, shares issued by U.S. registered open-end investment companies, bankers acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper or high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements. | ||
(h) | Disinterested Director means any director of the Company who is not an interested person of the Companys investment advisor or principal underwriter, is not an officer of the Company and is not otherwise an interested person of the Company as defined in the 1940 Act. | ||
(i) | The Compliance Officer shall mean the Companys Chief Compliance Officer, as designated by the Board of Directors of the Company, from time to time, or his designee. | ||
(j) | Initial Public Offering means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not required to file reports under Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or an initial public offering under comparable foreign law. | ||
(k) | Investment Personnel means any employee of the Company or the Companys investment advisor (or of any company in a control relationship to the Company or the Companys investment advisor) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Company. Investment Personnel also includes any natural person who controls the Company or its investment advisor and who obtains information concerning recommendations made to the Company regarding the purchase or sale of securities by the Company. | ||
(l) | Knowingly/Knows/Knew means (i) actual knowledge or (ii) reason to believe; but shall exclude institutional knowledge, where there is no affirmative conduct by the employee to obtain such knowledge, for example, querying the Companys investment advisor trading system or Investment Personnel. | ||
(m) | Limited Offering means an offering that is exempt from registration under Section 4(2) or Section 4(6) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or pursuant to Rule 504, Rule 505, or Rule 506 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and similar restricted offerings under comparable foreign law. |
(n) | Personal benefit includes any intended benefit for oneself or any other individual, company, group or organization of any kind whatsoever except a benefit for the Company. |
2. | Preferential Treatment, Gifts and Entertainment |
3. | Conflicts of Interest |
4. | Service as a Director |
5. | Inside Information |
6. | Restrictions on Personal Security Transactions |
(a) | Access Persons may not sell to, or purchase from, the Company any security or other property (except merchandise in the ordinary course of business), in which such Access Person has or would acquire a beneficial interest, unless such purchase or sale involves shares of the Company or is otherwise permitted pursuant to Section 17 of the 1940 Act. | ||
(b) | Access Persons may only engage in the purchase and sale of shares of the Company during the period beginning the third trading day after the public release of the Companys net asset value for a particular month and ending on the 7th day before the Companys scheduled release of net asset value for the next succeeding month, and, subject to the preclearance requirements of Section 7 below. However, even within those periods, no transactions should be entered into in violation of Rule 10b-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 prohibiting the use of inside information and all transactions should be carried out in compliance with Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933. | ||
(c) | Access Persons shall not discuss with or otherwise inform others of any actual or contemplated security transaction by the Company except in the performance of employment duties or in an official capacity and then only for the benefit of the Company, and in no event for personal benefit or for the benefit of others. |
(d) | Access Persons shall not release information to dealers or brokers or others (except to those concerned with the execution and settlement of the transaction) as to any changes in Company investments, proposed or in process, except (i) upon the completion of such changes, (ii) when the disclosure results from the publication of a prospectus, (iii) in conjunction with a regular report to shareholders or to any governmental authority resulting in such information becoming public knowledge, or (iv) in connection with any report to which shareholders are entitled by reason of provisions of the articles of incorporation, bylaws, rules and regulations, contracts or similar documents governing the operations of the Company. | ||
(e) | Access Persons may not use knowledge of portfolio transactions made or contemplated for the Company to profit by the market effect of such transactions or otherwise engage in fraudulent conduct in connection with the purchase or sale of a security sold or acquired by the Company. | ||
(f) | No Access Person shall knowingly take advantage of a corporate opportunity of the Company for personal benefit, or take action inconsistent with such Access Persons obligations to the Company. All personal securities transactions must be consistent with this Code and Access Persons must avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of any Access Persons position of trust and responsibility. | ||
(g) | Any transaction in a Covered Security in anticipation of the Companys transaction (front-running) is prohibited. | ||
(h) | No Access Person (other than a Disinterested Director) shall purchase or sell any Covered Security which such Access Person knows that the Companys investment advisor either is purchasing or selling, or is considering for purchase or sale, for the Company until either the Companys transactions have been completed or consideration of such transaction is abandoned. | ||
(i) | No Disinterested Director shall purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any Covered Security in which he or she has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership or interest when the Disinterested Director knows that securities of the same class are being purchased or sold or are being considered for purchase or sale by the Company, until such time as the Companys transactions have been completed or consideration of such transaction is abandoned. | ||
(j) | When anything in this Section 6 prohibits the purchase or sale of a security, it also prohibits the purchase or sale of any related securities, such as puts, calls, other options or rights in such securities and securities-based futures contracts and any securities convertible into or exchangeable for such security. | ||
(k) | Any Access Person who trades in violation of this Section 6 must unwind the trade or disgorge the profits. |
7. | Preclearance |
(a) | No Access Person (other than Disinterested Directors) may buy or sell any Contemplated Security or any shares of the Company for an account beneficially owned by him without having first obtained specific permission from the Compliance Officer. In order to gain permission to trade, a completed Preclearance Form, which can be obtained from the Compliance Officer, must be signed by at least one authorized signatory. After a completed Preclearance Form has been approved, the transaction may be affected either internally or through an external broker. Transaction orders must be placed within one week of the day permission to trade is granted or such shorter period as is indicated on the approved Preclearance Form. | ||
(b) | No Investment Personnel shall directly or indirectly acquire a beneficial interest in securities through a Limited Offering or in an Initial Public Offering without obtaining the prior consent of the Compliance Officer. Consideration will be given to whether or not the opportunity should be reserved for the Company. Such Officer will review these proposed investments on a case-by-case basis and approval may be appropriate when it is clear that conflicts are very unlikely to arise due to the nature of the opportunity for investing in the Initial Public Offering or Limited Offering. |
8. | Excluded Transactions |
(a) | Transactions effected for any account over which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control and which has been approved by the Compliance Officer pursuant to Section 9(g). The prohibitions of Section 6 do not apply to any transaction in a trust or investment advisory account in which a Disinterested Director (either alone or with others who are not subject to this Code) has a beneficial interest if the investment discretion over the account is exercised by a third party and at the time of the transaction the Disinterested Director did not have knowledge of the transaction. | ||
(b) | Non-volitional purchases and sales, such as dividend reinvestment programs or calls or redemption of securities. | ||
(c) | The acquisition of securities by gift or inheritance or disposition of securities by gift to charitable organizations. | ||
(d) | Standing orders for retirement plans, provided that prior clearance is obtained before an Access Person starts, increases, decreases or stops direct debits/standing orders for retirement plans. Lump sum investments in or withdrawals from such plans must be pre-cleared on a case-by-case basis and are subject to trading restrictions. |
9. | Reporting Procedures |
(a) | Brokerage Accounts. Before effecting personal transactions through an external broker, each Access Person (other than a Disinterested Director) must (i) inform the brokerage firm of his affiliation with the Company and the Companys investment advisor; (ii) make arrangements for copies of confirmations to be sent to the Compliance Officer within 24 hours of each transaction; and (iii) make arrangements for the Compliance Officer to receive duplicate account statements. | ||
(b) | Initial Holdings Report. Each Access Person (other than a Disinterested Director) must provide a report which includes the following information within ten (10) days of becoming an Access Person: |
| The title, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership when the Person became an Access Person; | ||
| The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Access Person maintained an account in which any securities were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Access Person as of the date the person became an Access Person; and | ||
| The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person. |
(c) | Quarterly Transaction Reports. Not later than thirty (30) days following the end of a calendar quarter, each Access Person (other than a Disinterested Director, except as required by Section 9(e)) must submit a report which includes the following information with respect to any transaction in the quarter in a Covered Security in which the Access Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership: |
| The date of the transaction, the title, interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security involved; | ||
| The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or other type of acquisition or disposition); | ||
| The price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was effected; |
| The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected; and | ||
| The date that the report is submitted by the Access Person. |
An Access Person need not make a quarterly transaction report if the report would duplicate information contained in broker trade confirmations, notices or advices, or account statements, received by the Compliance Officer in the time period required by this Section 9(c), if all of the required information is contained in such broker trade confirmations, notices, advices or account statements. | |||
(d) | Annual Holdings Report. Each Access Person (other than a Disinterested Director) shall submit the information required in Section 9(b) above annually within thirty (30) days of the end of each calendar year. The information shall be current as of a date no more than forty-five (45) days before the report is submitted. | ||
(e) | Disinterested Directors. A Disinterested Director shall provide a quarterly report with respect to any purchase or sale of any Covered Security in which such person had a beneficial interest if at the time of the transaction the Disinterested Director knew, or in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a director of the Company should have known, that on the date of the transaction or within fifteen (15) days before or after the transaction, purchase or sale of that class of security was made or considered for the Company. The form of the report shall contain the information set forth in Section 9(c) above. | ||
This subsection (e) shall not apply to non-volitional purchases and sales, such as dividend reinvestment programs or calls or redemptions. This subsection (e) shall not apply to purchases and sales of securities in an account in which a Disinterested Director has a beneficial interest if the account is managed by an investment professional other than the Disinterested Director and the Disinterested Director did not have knowledge of the transaction until after execution, provided that the Disinterested Director has previously identified the account to the Compliance Officer. | |||
(f) | Review of Reports. The Compliance Officer shall be responsible for identifying Access Persons, notifying them of their obligations under this Code and reviewing reports submitted by Access Persons. The Compliance Officer will maintain the names of the persons responsible for reviewing these reports, as well as records of all reports filed pursuant to these procedures. No person shall be permitted to review his/her own reports. Such reports shall be reviewed by the Compliance Officer or other officer who is senior to the person submitting the report. | ||
(g) | Exceptions from Reporting Requirements. An Access Person need not make reports pursuant to this Section 9 with respect to transactions effected for, and Covered Securities held in, any account over which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control. Access Persons wishing to rely on this |
exception must receive prior approval from the Compliance Officer. In addition, an Access Person need not make reports pursuant to Section 9(c) with respect to transactions effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan. |
10. | Administration of Code |
11. | Reports to Board |
12. | Code Revisions |
13. | Recordkeeping Requirements |
14. | Condition of Employment or Service |
1 | Tortoise Capital Resources Corporation is a closed-end investment company that has elected to be treated as a business development company. Although such company is not a registered investment company, Section 59 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 makes Section 17(j) of that Act applicable to business development companies. |
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